The Life and Legacy of Mark Clark

The Life and Legacy of Mark Clark

Mark Clark’s Early Years


Black Panther Party Leader Mark Clark was born June 28, 1947.  He was the ninth child out of Elder William and Fannie Clark’s seventeen children.  Mark, was their seventh son.  As a child Mark Clark spent a lot of time at his fathers church where he was active in the Sunshine Band. Mark attended Lincoln Elementary School and Roosevelt Junior High School in Peoria Illinois.  He joined the Peoria Chapter of the NAACP in his early teens where he displayed leadership abilities with the youth.   According to NAACP chapter President John Gwyn  “Mark could call youth to order when adults could not”

Mark Joins The Black Panther Party

Mark Clark had the tenacity  to engage in a revolutionary struggle for justice and liberation. He joined the Black Panther Party, organizing the Peoria Branch  in early 1969.  Black Panther Party Leader Clark motivated inner-city  youth to dedicate themselves to  the Black Panther Party Ten-Point Program, platform, and initiatives.  Mark Clark routinely required the Peoria Black Panther Party recruits to participate in marching exercises designed to help achieve greater discipline and unity.  Peoria recruits monitored the neighborhood and sold the Black Panther Party Newspapers which highlighted  Party initiatives and exposed police fascism and brutality.  


Mark Clark encouraged Blacks to get tested for sickle-cell anemia and he established a Black Panther Party Free Breakfast Program in Peoria. The BPP Free Breakfast program was operated out of Peoria’s Ward Chapel AME Church facilities.  The Peoria BPP  prepared Free Breakfast for the children and distributed food bags to needy and elderly in the inner-city. Eventually, church officials began receiving threats from suspected undercover FBI operatives forcing them to discontinue the program. 

Mark Clark would travel back and forth from the Peoria branch to Chicago where he met with Chairman Fred Hampton Sr., Leader of the Chicago Illinois Chapter of the BPP. Sometimes recruits from the Peoria branch went with him to Chicago for political education classes led by Chairman Fred.  

Police and FBI Target BPP / Assassinate Fred and Mark

Fearing the unification of Black leadership and the success of the Black Panthers Free Breakfast Program, Free People's Medical Clinic, and Political Education classes; FBI officials deemed The Black Panther Party to be the number one threat to the security of the nation. FBI set up a special task force to focus on eliminating the Black Panthers. Members of the Black Panther Party were maliciously charged with serious crimes; Some were given lengthy prison sentences.   Other Black Panthers were killed by police in cities and towns throughout the nation. 


The FBI's COINTELPRO unit devised a plan to eliminate Chairman Fred Hampton, Sr. after deeming him a potential Black Messiah  because of his influence.on the Black masses and rainbow coalitions..  In order to obtain their objective, the FBI conspired together with the U.S. Justice Department, Chicago Police Department, and Cook County States Attorney's Office.  A raid was planned on the pretense that there were guns in Chairman Fred’s 2337 West Monroe Street apartment on Chicago's south side.   

FBI Agent Roy Mitchell met with informant William O’Neal who gave him a floorplan of the Monroe Street apartment to show where Chairman Fred was sleeping.  He was paid $300 bonus for the floor plan and $17,000 for ongoing detailed information on the Chicago, Illinois Chapter of the Black Panther Party and tts comrades. The information William Oneal provided included detailed descriptions of Black Panther Party members and their daily routines.  Agent Mitchell passed on all the information he received to a special racial matters unit.  Richard Jolovec coordinated with Sergeant Daniel Groth and infamous Chicago police officer James "Gloves" Davis and the other policemen in the special police unit

The Assassination of Black Panther Party Leaders, Chairman Fred Hampton Sr. and Defense Captain Mark Clark occurred in  Chicago, Illinois on December 4th 1969 at approximately 4:45 am, the Cook County State Attorney; Edward Hanrahan initiated the gun raid.  There were fourteen officers on the special racial matters squad.  Eight officers entered at the front of the apartment, and six officers at the back. Police rushed inside the front of the apartment and began spraying the walls with gunfire. Their submachine guns penetrated the walls of Chairman Fred Hampton Sr. and his pregnant fiancée’s bedroom.  

Defense Captain Mark Clark was in the front living room in a chair, when police forcibly kicked the door open and began shooting without warning. Mark Clark was shot twice, once in the heart and once in the lung; and was killed instantly. 

Chairman Fred Hampton Sr. was asleep in the back bedroom with his pregnant fiancée when he was shot in the shoulder from the submachine gunfire that penetrated through the wall.  His pregnant fiancée, unable to wake him, was hurried out of the back bedroom into the kitchen.  Several policemen enter the bedroom where they shot Chairman Fred several more times.  Chairman Fred Hampton Sr. was shot a total of four times; twice in the head at point blank range.  An officer was heard to have said "He's good and dead now". Police continued to spray the apartment.  There were  99 submachine gun shots fired by police resulting in the assassinations  and serious injury of several other Black Panther Party members. 

Mark Clark’s Funeral and Burial In Peoria

Mark Clark's family learned of his death from news reports but were never officially notified by authorities. When family members arrived in Chicago to claim his body, they found Mark listed as an unknown person, even though FBI and police knew his identity.  


Mark Clark was transported to his hometown Peoria, Illinois. And His Funeral service was held Saturday, December 13, 1969 at Freedom Hall in Peoria, Illinois. Hundreds of people attended the solemn funeral service. Members of the Black Panther Party wore black leather jackets and black berets. Mark Clark was buried at Springdale Cemetery in Peoria, Illinois. Even in death he wore the black leather jacket and black beret, the aesthetics of the Black Panther Party and symbolic of his revolutionary struggle. 

13 Years Of Trials & Appeals

It would take 13 years of trials and appeals going all the way up to the U.S. Supreme court before the families of Mark Clark and Fred Hampton were awarded a civil judgment.  In 1983 a settlement of $1.85 million was reached, most of which went to attorneys fees . no police or FBI  operatives was held criminally responsible as the government gave FBI operatives  qualified immunity..  


Letter To A Panther

By Matthew Clark

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Mark Clark’s ILBPP People’s Service Award

The Clark Virtual Museum